Prostaglandins and the Kidney

Prostaglandins and the kidney.

Prostaglandins and the kidney.

This review provides a summary and assessment of research involving renal prostaglandins. Arachidonic acid released from phospholipids is converted by prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase in the kidney to PGF2, PGF2alpha, PGD2, and, possibly, to PGI2 and thromboxane A2. Production of PGE2 and PGF2alpha is predominately but not exclusively in the medulla, whereas degradative enzymes are present in both...

Prostaglandins in the kidney: developments since Y2K.

There are five major PGs (prostaglandins/prostanoids) produced from arachidonic acid via the COX (cyclo-oxygenase) pathway: PGE(2), PGI(2) (prostacyclin), PGD(2), PGF(2alpha) and TXA(2) (thromboxane A(2)). They exert many biological effects through specific G-protein-coupled membrane receptors, namely EP (PGE(2) receptor), IP (PGI(2) receptor), DP (PGD(2) receptor), FP (PGF(2alpha) receptor) an...

Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Roles of Prostaglandins in the Kidney

Despite the ubiquitous use of both over-the-counter and prescription nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), clinical syndromes—NSAID-related hypertension, salt and water retention, edema, and hyperkalemia—are highly infrequent. Nevertheless, they remain a concern, and patient populations at risk for renal adverse effects from NSAIDs can be prospectively identified. Patients at risk incl...

Prostaglandins and the lung.

Evidence exists implicating prostaglandins as mediators of asthma and of chronic inflammation in the lung. In addition to their spasmogenic effects, PGs are also potent in vitro regulators of mediator secretion by basophils, mast cells, or lymphocytes. These regulatory effects of E-series PGs may have considerable significance in drug design and evaluation in both asthma and chronic inflammation.